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(詳細はWilliam Wordsworth, completed in 1804 and published in ''Poems, in Two Volumes'' (1807). The poem was completed in two parts, with the first four stanzas written among a series of poems composed in 1802 about childhood. The first part of the poem was completed on 27 March 1802 and a copy was provided to Wordsworth's friend and fellow poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who responded with his own poem, ''Dejection: An Ode'', in April. The fourth stanza of the ode ends with a question, and Wordsworth was finally able to answer it with 7 additional stanzas completed in early 1804. It was first printed as ''Ode'' in 1807, and it was not until 1815 that it was edited and reworked to the version that is currently known, ''Ode: Intimations of Immortality.'' The poem is an irregular Pindaric ode in 11 stanzas that combines aspects of Coleridge's Conversation poems, the religious sentiments of the Bible and the works of Saint Augustine, and aspects of the elegiac and apocalyptic traditions. It is split into three movements: the first four stanzas discuss death, and the loss of youth and innocence; the second four stanzas describes how age causes man to lose sight of the divine, and the final three stanzas express hope that the memory of the divine allow us to sympathise with our fellow man. The poem relies on the concept of Pre-existence, the idea that the soul existed before the body, to connect children with the ability to witness the divine within nature. As children mature, they become more worldly and lose this divine vision, and the ode reveals Wordsworth's understanding of psychological development that is also found in his poems ''The Prelude'' and ''Tintern Abbey''. Wordsworth's praise of the child as the "best philosopher" was criticised by Coleridge and became the source of later critical discussion. Modern critics sometimes have referred to Wordsworth's poem as the "Great Ode"〔Brantley 1975 p. 109〕〔Davies 1980 p. 176〕 and ranked it among his best poems,〔Beer 1978 p. 105〕 but this wasn't always the case. Contemporary reviews of the poem were mixed, with many reviewers attacking the work or, like Lord Byron, dismissing the work without analysis. The critics felt that Wordsworth's subject matter was too "low" and some felt that the emphasis on childhood was misplaced. Among the Romantic poets, most praised various aspects of the poem however. By the Victorian period, most reviews of the ode were positive with only John Ruskin taking a strong negative stance against the poem. The poem continued to be well received into the 20th-century, with few exceptions. The majority ranked it as one of Wordsworth's greatest poems. ==Background== In 1802, Wordsworth wrote many poems that dealt with his youth. These poems were partly inspired by his conversations with his sister, Dorothy, whom he was living with in the Lake District at the time. The poems, beginning with ''The Butterfly'' and ending with ''To the Cuckoo'', were all based on Wordsworth's recalling both the sensory and emotional experience of his childhood. From ''To the Cuckoo'', he moved onto ''The Rainbow'', both written on 26 March 1802, and then on to ''Ode: Intimation of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood''. As he moved from poem to poem, he began to question why, as a child, he once was able to see an immortal presence within nature but as an adult that was fading away except in the few moments he was able to meditate on experiences found in poems like ''To the Cuckoo''. While sitting at breakfast on 27 March, he began to compose the ode. He was able to write four stanzas that put forth the question about the faded image and ended, "Where is it now, the glory and the dream?" The poem would remain in its smaller, four-stanza version until 1804.〔Moorman 1968 pp. 525–528〕 The short version of the ode was possibly finished in one day because Wordsworth left the next day to spend time with Samuel Taylor Coleridge in Keswick.〔Moorman 1968 p. 528〕 Close to the time Wordsworth and Coleridge climbed the Skiddaw mountain, 3 April 1802, Wordsworth recited the four stanzas of the ode that were completed. The poem impressed Coleridge,〔Sisman 2007 pp. 344–345〕 and, while with Wordsworth, he was able to provide his response to the ode's question within an early draft of his poem, "Dejection: an Ode".〔Moorman 1968 pp. 528–529〕 In early 1804, Wordsworth was able to return his attention to working on the ode. It was a busy beginning of the year with Wordsworth having to help Dorothy recover from an illness in addition to writing his poems. The exact time of composition is unknown, but it probably followed his work on ''The Prelude'', which consumed much of February and was finished on 17 March. Many of the lines of the ode are similar to the lines of ''The Prelude'' Book V, and he used the rest of the ode to try to answer the question at the end of the fourth stanza.〔Moorman II 1968 pp. 19–20〕 The poem was first printed in full for Wordsworth's 1807 collection of poems, ''Poems, in Two Volumes'', under the title ''Ode''.〔Gill 1989 p. 460〕 It was the last poem of the second volume of the work,〔Davies 1980 p. 188〕 and it had its own title page separating it from the rest of the poems, including the previous poem ''Peele Castle''. Wordsworth added an epigraph just before publication, "paulò majora canamus". The Latin phrase is from Virgil's ''Eclogue'' 4, meaning "let us sing a somewhat loftier song".〔Magnuson 1998 pp. 32–33〕 The poem was reprinted under its full title ''Ode: Intimation of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood'' for Wordsworth's collection ''Poems'' (1815). The reprinted version also contained an epigraph that, according to Henry Crabb Robinson, was added at Crabb's suggestion.〔 The epigraph was from "My Heart Leaps Up".〔Wolfson 1986 p. 173〕 In 1820, Wordsworth issued ''The Miscellaneous Poems of William Wordsworth'' that collected the poems he wished to be preserved with an emphasis on ordering the poems, revising the text, and including prose that would provide the theory behind the text. The ode was the final poem of the fourth and final book, and it had its own title-page, suggesting that it was intended as the poem that would serve to represent the completion of his poetic abilities. The 1820 version also had some revisions,〔Gill 1989 p. 336〕 including the removal of lines 140 and 141.〔Gill 1989 p. 477〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ode: Intimations of Immortality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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